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Objectives: To systematically review longitudinal studies to determine the prevalence and time-course of fatigue after stroke (post-stroke fatigue, PSF). Material(s) and Method(s): A study protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Five databases (PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCHINFO and CINAHL) were searched (10th to 13th June 2022). Citations were imported into Covidence software, s screened by one author, full texts of potentially eligible studies retrieved, and one author applied inclusion criteria (longitudinal cohort studies of patients with acute stroke). Quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs institute tool for observational studies. A meta-analysis was performed for the prevalence of PSF at different time-points after stroke onset, and changes over time. Subgroup analyses were performed by type of stroke and study location. Result(s): A total of 13,991 records were returned from the searches. Nine studies were eligible and were included. Five studies were of strong and four of moderate quality. Of the studies suitable for meta-analysis, the prevalence of PSF was 42% (95% CI - 39-44%) at six months after ischaemic stroke;and 34% (95% CI - 28-40%) at one year in stroke survivors excluding subarachnoid haemorrhage. Subgroups analyses found no differences in PSF prevalence between Asian countries and others. Of those with PSF at first assessment, 66% (95% CI - 61-71%) remained fatigued at follow-up;of those without PSF initially, 15% (95% CI - 11-20%) developed PSF at follow-up. Conclusion(s): PSF is common and around two-thirds with fatigue remain fatigued. This justifies the development of new interventions for PSF treatment.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s)
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Cancer remains one of the most prevalent diseases in the United States and a leading cause of death. Large prospective studies have found significant correlations between dietary intake and cancer. Chronic inflammation promotes pro-cancer inflammatory environments and nutrition can influence inflammation, with the intake of certain food items increasing inflammatory biomarkers. The objective of this research was to explore the relationship between inflammatory diet score measured by the Dietary Inflammatory index and all-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality, and cancer recurrence among cancer survivors. Web of Science, Medline, CINHAL, and PsycINFO databases were searched to collect potentially eligible sources that focus on dietary inflammation and cancer outcomes. All sources were uploaded to Covidence software and screened by two independent blinded reviewers. The quality of the sources was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale and relevant data was extracted and transferred to the Comprehensive Meta Analysis software and a random effects model was used to perform meta-analysis. Of the 1444 studies imported into the Covidence software, 13 passed all the screening stages and were included in the final analysis. Eight studies reported on pre-diagnosis diet while five others reported on postdiagnosis diet. Five studies reported on colorectal cancer, four on breast cancer, two on ovarian cancer, one on endometrial cancer and one on prostate cancer. Meta-analysis of the studies found that being in the highest postdiagnosis DII score indicating pro-inflammatory diet significantly increased the risk of all-cause death among cancer survivors by 33.5% (HR = 1.335, 95% CI = 1.049, 1.698, n = 6). Analysis did not show a statistically significant association between DII score and cancer mortality or recurrence (HR = 1.097, 95% CI = 0.939, 1.281, n = 6). Analysis by cancer subtype found a significant correlation between postdiagnosis DII score and all-cause mortality among the breast cancer survivors (HR = 1.335, 95% CI = 1.041, 1.711, n = 3) though there were no significant associations between DII and the outcomes of interest from the other cancer types. The meta-analysis concludes that being in the highest postdiagnosis DII score group significantly increased the risk of all-cause death among cancer survivors. This suggests that risk of all-cause mortality could be reduced for cancer survivors by consuming more anti-inflammatory food components and reducing consumption of pro-inflammatory foods. These findings also warrant more research in this field to clarify the relationship between dietary inflammation as measured by the DII and cancer outcomes, particularly cancer-specific mortality.
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Objective: The purpose of this review is to define the feeling of loneliness within a couple while taking into consideration the factors that lead a person to feel lonely in a couple or in a romantic relationship. Our goal is to understand the effects of the feeling of loneliness on these individuals during the global health crisis brought on by COVID-19 and to take these factors into account in designing effective therapeutic care. The different manifestations of loneliness in a couple should also be highlighted. Method(s): We used the PRISMA methodology to select the relevant studies. The keywords ("Solitude" or "Loneliness") and ("Couple" or "Married" or "Partnership") allowed us to select 19 references dealing with the theme. We conducted searches of the following databases: "Cairn", "PsychInfo and Psycarticle", "PubMed and Medline", "ScienceDirect" and finally, "Web of Science" in order to find articles covering a ten-year period. Result(s): There are different definitions for the subjective experience of loneliness. The review of the literature highlights the fact that loneliness can lead to positive or negative psychological consequences (it can lead to the development of creative capacity or, on the contrary, result in depression in some cases). Attachment patterns have been shown to be the basis for the tolerance of feelings of loneliness. Indeed, an anxious attachment would encourage the couple to avoid the feeling of loneliness. According to the literature, this defensive mechanism of seeking presence in the couple would make it possible to limit the impact of loneliness. This solitude depends on the level of relational quality within the couple. A poor relational quality would lead to greater loneliness and would impact intimate relationships. Loneliness is supposedly not experienced in the same way by men and women: Men seem to be more protected by marriage while women's level of loneliness may be higher because of the household chores they have to do. Men and women would nevertheless remain subject to the phenomena of contamination, i.e., when one of the partners feels lonely, the other will also be lonely. However, it seems that marriage protects against feelings of loneliness and its negative consequences. Loneliness does not have only negative effects. It can be beneficial for developing creativity and finding oneself. The periods of confinement during the COVID-19 crisis provided people with an increase in the amount of time they didn't normally have on a daily basis. This may have been beneficial for some people and can be associated with positive emotions. Individuals who spent the lockdowns with others felt less alone and experienced less psychological distress. However, confinements did produce some negative effects on couples. The increased stress of the pandemic and the constant proximity led to an increase in spousal abuse. The consequences of confinement for couples whose relationships were already troubled resulted in frequent separation and/or divorce. The potential for conflict was related to limited financial resources, not working, and the significant risk of contracting SARS COV-2. Conclusion(s): The articles dealing with the feeling of loneliness that we reviewed presented quantitative methods to the detriment of qualitative aspects and focused largely on the negative aspects of the feeling of loneliness. Other academic disciplines, such as sociology, demonstrate a lack of understanding concerning what is at stake with the feeling of loneliness. The articles intersect and tend to highlight the attachment relationships that are formed in childhood as a determining factor in the feeling of solitude later in life. The quality of the relationship, gender, and marital status are also factors to be considered. Loneliness has a clear influence on the well-being of the relationship but it is not an individual characteristic of the relationship itself. It finally appears as an individual characteristic with an impact on the assessment of the quality of the relationship and on the appreciatio of the spouse.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS
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The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 has influenced peoples' lifestyles. Home-confinement scenario might impair physical activity practice, resulting in new challenges for maintaining health during the pandemic of the COVID-19. The aim of this study was to present the current context of COVID-19 pandemic, its impact on the practice of physical activity, and the strategies available to remain active during home-confinement according to international recommendations. The narrative review was conducted based on studies that analyzed themes related to physical activity and COVID-19. Virtual Health Library (VHL), CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant papers. Although an increased number of experimental studies are still necessary, people should devote more time to physical activity during social isolation. Guidelines were adjusted by international entities in order to encourage people to remain active, through practice regular physical activity, using alternative strategies such as fitness program applications, exergames, online exercise classes, and even chores. Reduction of prolonged sedentary behavior could contribute to maintain health and improve quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.Copyright © Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado. All Rights Reserved.
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Introduction/Aim: Although there remains insufficient evidence regarding singing programs as effective strategies for achieving clinically significant health outcomes, this non-pharmacological intervention appears to be subjectively low-risk and well-tolerated by people with advanced chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). Method(s): A meta-synthesis was undertaken to examine the current qualitative evidence regarding the experiences of singing for lung health programs in adults with advanced CRD and their careers. Electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) were searched for qualitative studies published in English. Qualitative data was extracted and analysed, which generated descriptive and analytical themes. Result(s): Themes identified from seven included studies consisted of anticipation and reluctance to participate;physical and psychological benefits;new sense of purpose and enjoyment;social connection and achievement;and broad views regarding program structure and content. The themes were categorised into three time points to explore participants' perspectives before, during and after engaging in the singing program. Over time participants transitioned from anxiety to mastery of their chronic condition as the singing program progressed. Participants, however, raised concerns regarding several singing technicalities, the lack of ongoing support after the singing programs' conclusion and the social impacts of transitioning the sessions online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion(s): The increasing body of qualitative literature suggests that participants enjoyed the singing program and derived psychological, social and health benefits, not necessarily captured in quantitative studies. Future work should explore participants' experiences through qualitative, longitudinal methods to gain further insight into the acceptability and feasibility of singing programs and inform broader implementation of the intervention.
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Introduction/Aim: Self-management is considered important in people with pulmonary fibrosis (PF);however, components of self-management that are relevant to PF are not well defined. This study aimed to identify the common self-management components used in PF. Method(s): A scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The protocol was registered with Open Science Framework database (doi: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EUZ6S). A systematic search was conducted on August 16, 2022, using five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials). Search results were screened and studies were included if they (i) described any educational, behavioural and support components that aimed at facilitating self-management;(ii) involved adults with PF;and (iii) employed quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods. Two researchers performed record screening and data extraction independently followed by discussions of discrepancies. Result(s): Of the 27081 records screened, 87 studies were included (39% observational studies, 26% randomised controlled trials). The most common self-management components were patient education (78%), information or support for managing physical symptoms (66%) and enhancing psychosocial wellbeing (54%). Majority of the included studies (71%) were rehabilitation programs with evidence of self-management training such as home exercise program and breathing training. Other studies included palliative care programs consisting of components such as patient education and care goal setting (12%), support programs for managing medication (4%), home-based self-monitoring training (4%), disease management programs (4%), mindfulness-focused stress reduction program (1%), telemedicine service delivered during the COVID-19 outbreak that included strategies to prevent infections and self-monitoring of clinical parameters (1%) and PF-specific educational and support website (1%). Over half of the interventions were provided by a multidisciplinary team. Conclusion(s): This review identified the common components used to promote self-management in PF. These findings help to guide the development of optimal interventions to support self-management in PF.
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Shift workers are known to have poorer metabolic health outcomes compared to day workers,(1) whilst those who work in rotating shift work roles have the highest risk.(2) To date, overall energy intake in shift workers has been found to be similar to day workers,(3) but it is unknown whether energy intake in workers on rotating shift schedules may be a contributing factor to the observed higher chronic disease risk. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore how rotating shift work schedules impact total energy intake compared to fixed day/morning work schedules. Intra-person differences in energy intake amongst rotating shift workers on day/morning versus night shifts was also examined. Searches were conducted on CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE PsycINFO and Scopus databases to identify articles reporting energy intake for rotating shift workers and fixed day workers. Articles were screened in duplicate against inclusion criteria using Covidence software. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked independently by one of three reviewers. Quality assessment of included studies was assessed in duplicate using the American Dietetic Association (ADA) Quality Criteria Checklist for Primary Research. Meta-analyses were performed in RevMan using a random effects model, to compare mean difference in 24-hour energy intake with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I-squared test (I2). Thirty-one studies (n = 18196 participants) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review with data for the two meta-analyses comprising 18 studies and seven studies, respectively. Overall, rotating shift workers had significantly higher average 24-hour energy intake compared to fixed day or morning work schedules (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 264 kJ;95% CI [70, 458], p < 0.008;I2 = 63%). Within rotating shift workers, the mean difference in 24-hour energy intake across morning/day shifts compared to night shifts was not statistically significant (WMD = 101 kJ;95% CI [-651, 852];p = 0.79;I2 = 77%). Results indicate workers on rotating shift schedules had a higher average 24-hour energy intake compared to their fixed day schedule counterparts. However, energy intake across shift schedules did not differ for individuals working this pattern. A higher 24-hour energy intake in rotating shift workers can contribute to gradual weight gain and higher metabolic risk in rotating shift work populations.
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Introduction: The coronavirus outbreak has been publicly and formally defined a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th 2020. Some extreme but effective safety measures have been applied in order to limit the spread of the infection among the population. The price of COVID-19 restrictive measures and lockdowns has been especially heavy for individual's mental health. There is previous evidence that the COVID-19-related lockdown has impacted on mental health worsening among individuals with Feeding and Eating Disorders (EDs) and clinical obesity. Potential affecting aspects might have been restriction to daily activities and movements, excessive exposure to harmful eating patterns on social media, emotional distress, fear of contagion, and low access to treatment and care. Nevertheless, especially on the basis of the proven-detrimental impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on in- dividuals with clinical eating disorders, home confinement might analogously have had a negative impact also on the eating behaviors of individuals from the general population. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of EDs symptoms and dysfunctional eating behaviours (i.e. emotional overeating, night eating, snacking, binge eating, undereating, food avoidance) among the general population. Method(s): We searched eligible articles in Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Prevalence rates were pooled with meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was tested using I-squared (I2) statistics. A total of 221 studies met the inclusion criteria. Result(s): The pooled prevalence of increased body weight was 33% (95% CI 30-35) among individuals in 84 studies. Forty-five percent (95% CI 31-59) of participants in 10 studies experienced body shape concern, body dissatisfaction and body misperception. Other EDs symptoms increased in the general population during the pandemic, such as overeating (41%;95% CI 33-48), food cravings (36%;95% CI 12- 59), binge eating (35%;95% CI 20-51), emotional eating (28%;95% CI 23-33) and snacking (27%;95% CI 23-32). Food restriction, excessive physical activity, weight loss and night eating were also common. Pooled data of longitudinal studies showed a significant difference in BMI and dysfunctional eating behaviours before and during the pandemic. Conclusion(s): This meta-analysis evidenced a negative impact of the pandemic on eating behaviors among the general population. Overall, these results highlight the need for further high-quality longitudinal studies that examine which specific populations experienced higher distress than others, and what are the long-term negative consequences of COVID-19.
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Introduction Post-diagnostic support is key to ensuring the well-being of people with dementia and unpaid carers. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a shift from in-person to remote service delivery, often with the use of information communication technologies (ICT) formats. This systematic review examined how ICT has been used to access remote post-diagnostic support services that address the needs people with dementia, or those of dyad, and explored care recipients' views on accessing dementia-related support remotely. Method Concepts relating to dementia and ICT were searched across six databases (PsychInfo, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Social Care Online, and Web of Science) in March 2021 and updated in March 2022. Studies published from 1990 and written in English, German or French were considered for inclusion. Methodological quality was appraised using the Hawker quality assessment tool and reporting structured according to PRISMA guidelines. Results The search yielded 8,485 citations. Following the removal of duplicates and two screening processes, 18 papers were included. Papers described a range of post-diagnostic support, including exercise classes and therapeutic sessions, which were largely delivered remotely on a one-to-one basis. Videoconferencing software was the most employed ICT format, and people with dementia were directly engaging with ICT to access post-diagnostic support in 13 studies. Whilst studies demonstrated the feasibility of accessing post-diagnostic service remotely, overall, care recipients' views were mixed. Conclusions Following the increased reliance on ICT during the pandemic, it is likely that service delivery will continue with a hybrid approach. Accessing post-diagnostic support remotely is likely to benefit some care recipients. However, to prevent widening inequalities in access, service provision is required to accommodate to people with dementia and unpaid carers who are digitally excluded. Future research should capture the support provided by unpaid carers facilitating the engagement of the person with dementia when accessing remote post-diagnostic support.
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Many studies have assessed the prevalence of alcohol consumption in Iran. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of alcohol consumption in different groups. We searched international and databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and we searched two main Farsi-language index databases including Scientific Information Database (SID) and the Irandoc. Grey literature search was also performed in Google Scholar, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses without time limit until June 2020. All studies that reported the prevalence of alcohol consumption among Iranians were included in current study. From 9,038 screened studies, 109 studies with 925,480 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption was estimated 24% (95% CI: 18.0–31.0), 12% (95%CI: 10.0–14.0), 14% (95%CI: 13.0–15.0), 19% (95%CI: 13.0–26.0), 15% (95%CI: 3.0–28.0) among prisoners, general population, students, drivers, and street children, respectively. This systematic review indicated higher prevalence of alcohol consumption in prisoners, drivers, and street children than the general population and other subgroups. The distribution of the alcohol prevalence studies in different groups and provinces were heterogeneous. The lack of studies among some groups and in regions warrants further, attention.
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Burnout in hospice and palliative care nurses is a growing issue, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have focused specifically on burnout in this population. A scoping review was undertaken to identify what is known about burnout among hospice and palliative care nurses, and to unify disparate findings. Analysis of eight articles revealed three overarching categories: personal factors, organizational/workplace factors, and nursing professional development factors. Each category was then divided into three cross-cutting subcategories: contributory and noncontributory factors, mitigating factors, and workplace issues. Recommendations for individuals include self-care as well as self-awareness of intrinsic characteristics that can predispose one to burnout. Within the workplace, leaders are challenged to support evidence-based practice and ongoing education. Role modeling positive communication skills, effective conflict mitigation, responsiveness, promotion of equity, and workplace commitment also help to create a culture of wellness. Nursing professional development may aid in resilience-building, and promotion of self-efficacy, self-confidence, and assertiveness. Although all identified recommendations were derived from the literature, no interventional studies have been conducted to test the effects of suggested interventions. Future research should include interventional studies as well as qualitative research to capture nuanced experiences of burnout in hospice and palliative care nurses.
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INTRODUCTION: Alexithymia brings negative consequences on the psycho-emotional well-being and health of an individual. This narrative review attempted to explore previous research at the objective to advance understanding of psychological essence and genesis on this phenomenon. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: On the research topic, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo and PubMed original articles, dissertations and monographs were found to be included in the overview (totally, 109 publications). We presented an analysis of numerous investigations and review works with the aim to fill the existing large gap in the psychological explanation of the emergence and functioning of alexithymia. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The truth is that alexithymia is still predominantly studied at the clinical-medical level. Namely, psychological roots are not considered in research or reviews at all, and no consensus on alexithymia psychological origin exists. Evidence indicated that whilst the existing research findings establish multisided relationships between alexithymia and various risk-factors, extremely little is known about its psychological origin and mechanism. CONCLUSION(S): The present overview is the first attempt to elucidate psychological essence and genesis of alexithymic symptoms and delve into presenting a disclosure and adequate explanation of the psychological mechanism of alexithymia functioning. Moreover, for the first time an innovative definition of alexithymia is given within the framework of the explanatory-functional psychological paradigm. This article is a narrative review with less rigorous methodology;nevertheless, it is useful for coherent detailed highlighting the problem posed and in cases when too much research from different scientific fields and directions is analyzed. Copyright © 2022 Edizioni Minerva Medica. All right reserved.
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BACKGROUND: As a first step to reach consensus on the key constructs and outcomes in neuro-oncology caregiver research, we performed a systematic review to evaluate the constructs that are being evaluated in research studies and how these have been assessed. METHOD(S): All peerreviewed publications with primary data reporting on outcomes of family caregivers of adult primary brain tumour patients were eligible. Electronic databases PubMed/ Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Emcare, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched up to September 2021. Using Covidence, title and screening, full text review, and data extraction were done by two researchers independently, with a third guiding consensus. Constructs as reported in each study, and how these were assessed were the primary result. RESULT(S): Searches yielded 1090 unique records, with 213 remaining after title/ screening. Of these, 157 publications met inclusion criteria, comprising 120 unique studies. These originated from 18 countries and were published between 1996-2022. Most were observational (75%) cross-sectional (61%) studies, reporting on quantitative methods (62%). Twenty-seven different constructs were assessed and mapped along the Caregiver Health Model categories: caregiver health, needs, tasks, beliefs and attitudes, and environment. Seventeen questionnaires were used > 2 times to measure the same construct, with the vast majority of questionnaires only used across one or two studies. DISCUSSION: Neuro-oncology caregiving research is a field gaining traction, but lags behind in clear definition of key constructs, and consistency in assessment of these constructs. Developing consensus or guidance will improve comparability of studies, meta-analyses, and advance the science more quickly.
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Aims: The prevalence of Occupational Burnout has skyrocketed during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially among healthcare professionals (HCP). Hence, it is crucial to have robust measures for ascertaining burnout in this population. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is the most widely used measure in burnout research, but fundamental methodological flaws permeated its development. The Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire/Measure is a prevalent tool used by the Swedish Health System to diagnose burnout and plan the delivery of mental health services. The 14-item Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) was developed after a methodological revision of the 22-item Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ). Studies on the psychometric properties of the SMBM exist, but the assessment of the methodological quality of individual studies is lacking. To address this gap, the purpose of this study is to critically appraise the quality of the measurement properties of the 14-item SMBM among HCP. Method(s): Four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched for studies on the psychometric properties of the 14-item SMBM among HCP. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. Evidence supporting the measurement properties of the SMBM was synthesized and graded using the GRADE approach. Result(s): We identified three studies on the psychometric properties of the 14-item SMBM among HCP. One study on the 12-item SMBM was included to estimate content validity. We found a high quality of evidence for internal consistency, moderate quality of evidence for structural and crosscultural validity, and low quality of evidence for hypothesis testing. Most importantly, we found that PROM development and content validity were inadequate. Conclusion(s): Although informed by the Conservation of Resources Theory, the 14-item SMBM warrants revision to engage critical stakeholders for concept elicitation and cognitive interview. Both processes will contribute to the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the PRO items.
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Background: AYA with cancer commonly experience sexuality concerns during and post treatment. Evaluation andmanagement of these critical aspects are often neglected by health professionals due to factors such as poor knowledge, confidence and communication, lack of comfort, time and prioritisation of sexuality concerns. It is not known what policy and practice tools are available to bridge this evidence gap. Aim(s): To scope, analyse and map the literature on policy and practice tools, specific to AYA oncosexology education and training programs, for health professionals. Method(s): A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A search strategy was developed using key words initially tested in OVID MEDLINE. The formal search was conducted in July 2022 in Medline, EMCARE, EMBASE and PsychINFO (all on OVID platform) for articles: published after 2012;in English;qualitative, quantitative, mixed method studies, case studies, review articles or grey literature;in patients aged 15-39 years. Articles were excluded if they did not meet these criteria, only examined potential education/training programs or health professionals' knowledge, attitudes or practices, or only focused on patients' perspectives. Retrieved articles were extracted into Covidence and two screening roundswere independently performed by two authors each for the final analysis and evidence synthesis. Result(s): After removing 1140 duplicate records, 1825 records were screened of which 1523 were excluded and 302 full texts assessed for eligibility. The final number of studies included along with other quantitative findings will be reported against the PRISMA-ScR reporting checklist. Results from the basic content analysis to organise qualitative findings into higher level categories will also be presented. Conclusion(s): Evidence gaps, limitations and implications for research will be discussed. We will seek stakeholders' views on whether our findings are locally relevant and how they can inform improvements in health professional oncosexology policy and practice tools.
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With the objective of investigate the therapeutic itineraries followed for search the health care by the brazilian population in a situation of social vulnerability during the covid-19 pandemic, a scope review was carried out from July to September 2021, as proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, in the BVS, PubMed, EMBASE, Scielo, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases within the 2020 and 2021 clippings. 11 articles were analyzed and divided into three categories: strategies care of population;health offerings;difficulties in accessing healthcare. Results explained gaps and potentialities existing on therapeutic itineraries in the search for health care for populations in a situation of social vulnerability and how these aspects became more evident in this pandemic period. There was a movement of this vulnerable populations to overcome the daily difficulties that determine the unfavorable conditions for health care. Copyright © 2022, Fundacao UNI Botucatu/UNESP.
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Objectives When resources are strained during communicable disease outbreaks, novel palliative care interventions may be required to optimally support people who use substances with life-limiting illnesses. Therefore, we asked the question, € what is known about communicable disease outbreaks, palliative care and people who use substances?', such as palliative care interventions that can improve the quality of life of patients with life-limiting illnesses. Design We conducted a scoping review that involved comprehensive searches in six bibliographic databases from inception to April 2021 (Medline ALL (Medline and Epub Ahead of Print and In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations), Embase Classic+Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, PsycInfo all from the OvidSP platform, Scopus from Elsevier) and grey literature searches. We included English and French records about people ≥18 years old with life-limiting illnesses who use substances during communicable disease outbreaks. We identified, summarised and presented the findings about palliative care interventions in figures, tables and narrative descriptions. Results We identified 32 records about palliative care interventions for people who use substances during communicable disease outbreaks. The majority focused on palliative care for people who use substances with AIDS during HIV epidemics (n=27, 84.4%), and approximately half were published in the USA (n=15, 46.9%). Most common substances used were alcohol (n=18, 56.3%), opioids (n=14, 43.8%) and cocaine (n=10, 31.3%). Four groups of palliative care interventions were identified: (1) symptom management (n=20, 62.5%), (2) psychosocial support (n=15, 46.9%), (3) advance care planning (n=8, 25.0%) and (4) healthcare provider training (n=6, 18.8%). Conclusions Beyond studies on HIV epidemics, there is limited knowledge about palliative care interventions for people who use substances during communicable disease outbreaks. Research and guidance are needed about how best to provide palliative care to this population with complex needs including in resource-limited countries. Protocol Buchman DZ, Ding P, Lo S, et al. Palliative care for people who use substances during communicable disease epidemics and pandemics. BMJ Open 2021;11: e053124
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BACKGROUND: Depression is a major public health issue, yet Chinese Americans are less likely to be diagnosed and have their symptoms treated. Chinese Americans with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) have higher mental health needs than their English-proficient counterparts but have significantly lower rates of mental health service utilization. Furthermore, the increase in anti-Asian hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the urgency to accurately detect depression in this community. This systematic review examines the validity of the PHQ-9 for depression screening in Chinese-speaking populations. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of English and Chinese articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the PsycINFO databases examining studies through September 2021. Studies were included if they: evaluated the Chinese language PHQ-9, conducted a clinical interview (gold standard) to diagnose depression and depressive symptoms, and included measures of validity and efficacy of the PHQ-9. We included studies conducted in the US and abroad, regardless of the Chinese language spoken, as most relied on the same written Chinese PHQ-9. Three investigators independently reviewed titles and s for all citations to identify studies that met inclusion criteria, which advanced to full-text review. Using a standardized data extraction form, we ed: country and setting, participant characteristics, sample size, study design, years of study, gold standard utilized, and outcome measures. Two investigators independently assessed the study quality using the QUADAS-2 (which is specific for assessing potential for bias in studies of diagnostic accuracy). RESULTS: Our search identified 424 articles;44 articles received a full text review. Of those, 14 articles (N= 10,813 participants), conducted in Mainland China (N=12), Hong Kong (N=1), and the United States (N=1), met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Studies were diverse in terms of participant age, comorbidities, and setting. Gold standards used included: MINI (N=7), SCID (N=6), and DSM-V (N=1). Overall, Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.80-0.94 for included studies and optimal cutoff scores ranged from 6-15. Studies had an overall low risk for bias. CONCLUSIONS: While there were limited studies and variable reference standards used, the Chinese language version of the PHQ-9 appears to be a valid depression screening tool among Chinese-speaking populations in multiple countries and various clinical settings. Further research should explore the optimal cut-off score for this population.
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Introduction:Mental health conditions such as anxiety represent a growing health concern for students in institutions of higher education. Postsecondary students are a vulnerable population that is increasingly recognized to be at risk for both mental health problems and significant sleep problems. While it has been hypothesized that poor sleep quality may be a risk factor for developing anxiety, little is known about the frequency and severity of sleep problems and their association with anxiety within the postsecondary student population. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the best evidence on the association between sleep quality and anxiety in postsecondary students. Materials and Methods: An experienced librarian developed systematic search strategies in four databases: MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo (through Ovid Technologies Inc.) and CINAHL, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (through EBSCOhost). Databases were searched from inception to September 2020. Random pairs of independent reviewers screened titles and s for eligibility and critically appraised all eligible studies. We assessed the quality of studies using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria for cohort studies, and the Hoy tool for cross-sectional studies. One author extracted and synthesized the results from all of the low and moderate risk of bias studies. We synthesized our results by study design and population. Results: Once duplicates were removed, a total of 3203 unique citations were screened. Fifty-one articles were eligible and critically appraised. Studies with low and moderate risk of bias were included in our final synthesis of which 24 were cross-sectional studies and four were cohort studies. With the exception of one study, all cross-sectional studies reported a statistically significant association between poor sleep quality and anxiety. All four of the cohort studies found that students who reported poor sleep quality were more likely to develop future anxiety and students with anxiety were more likely to develop future poor sleep quality. Conclusions: Poor sleep quality is associated with anxiety in postsecondary students. Due to the cross-sectional nature of most studies, we cannot determine the direction of this association. Future studies should focus on developing high-quality prospective cohort or longitudinal studies to help understand the impact and direction that this association has in postsecondary populations. This research has the potential to inform the development and design of mental health policies and programs that are created by postsecondary institutions to address the increasing rates of student mental health issues. Acknowledgements: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Operating Grant: Knowledge synthesis: COVID-19 in Mental Health & Substance Use;University of Ontario Institute of Technology;Institute of Disability and Rehabilitation Research.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Students pursuing postsecondary education are a population at significant risk for both sleep problems and poor mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety. Interventions such as sleep hygiene education and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are commonly used treatments for sleep problems and have been effective in improving sleep and mental health in the university student population. Digitally-delivered CBT has also been shown to be effective in improving sleep in youth, however it has not been evaluated in the postsecondary student population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the quantitative and qualitative evidence on the effectiveness and user experiences of digital sleep interventions to improve sleep and mental health outcomes in postsecondary students. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and APA PsycInfo for studies published from 2000 to 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case-control studies, qualitative studies, and mixed methods studies. Pairs of reviewers independently screened and critically appraised studies, and extracted data. We aimed to use a sequential approach at the review level to synthesize and integrate data across qualitative and quantitative research studies. Results: We screened 5361 citations and 58 full text articles. Eight relevant RCTs and one cohort study were critically appraised. Three interventions were assessed including CBT, digital sleep hygiene education, and relaxation music. Most studies were assessed as high risk of bias. Given the methodological limitations of the included studies, we are unable to conclude on the effectiveness of digital sleep interventions for postsecondary students. We did not identify any qualitative studies. Conclusions: Methodological limitations preclude firm conclusions. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of digital alternatives for delivering sleep interventions to improve sleep and mental health outcomes in postsecondary students. Qualitative studies exploring the views and preferences of students and providers are required to inform the development of novel interventions that are acceptable in this population. Acknowledgements: Canadian Institutes of Health Science (CIHR) Operating Grant: Knowledge Synthesis: COVID-19 in Mental Health & Substance Use